For over six decades, the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) has served as a rare example of cooperation between India and Pakistan in a highly strained bilateral relationship. Signed in 1960 and brokered by the World Bank, it distributed control of six rivers: the eastern three (Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas) to India and the western three (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) to Pakistan.
Introduction
Pakistan is a country of diverse ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identities spread across its provinces. Yet, this richness has long been overshadowed by regional disparities and historical grievances. The uneven distribution of resources has led to underdevelopment in several regions, particularly Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, southern Punjab, and parts of Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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